Preparation and Evaluation of Mucilage from Fresh Leaves of Psidium guajava

 

M. Venkataswamy*, S. Naveen Kumar, B. Ramesh, G. Anantha Ramulu, M. Bharath, K. Sridivya Goud

Department of  Pharmaceutics, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Vishnupur, Narsapur, Medak, Telangana, India

 

ABSTRACT:

The main objective of this research was to determine a practical follow-up to the extraction and isolation of mucilage from Guava leaves and to characterize it in a laboratory. The Dried leaves powder was then grinded to prepare fine powder which was then used for extraction. It was then extracted with various solvents from non polar to polar such as petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, and alcohol and aqueous successfully. The various extracts of the powdered leaves of Psidium guajava subjected to chemical tests for identification of its active constituents. The results of the present investigation revealed that the prepared mucilage characterized as mucilage as compared with the available mucilages. It shows best results in evaluation by shear stress, tensile strength, shear strength, falling sphere, swelling factor, viscosity, stability studies.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Mucilage is regarded as normal physiological product of metabolism formed within the cell or deposited on it in layers. Mucilage and Gums are hydrophilic polysaccharides and are widely present in plants. Polysaccharides that posses various physiochemical characterization can be easily extracted from wide range of plants.

 

Origin Guava (Psidium guajava) is an exotic fruit member of the fruit family Myrtacea. Guava, goiaba or guayaba are some of the names given to the “apple of the tropics”, popular for its penetrating aroma and flavor.

 

 

 

Its place of origin is quite uncertain, extending in an area from southern Mexico through Central and South America. Currently, its cultivation has been extended too many tropical and subtropical parts of the world.

 

These polymers used for modified release. Modified release systems¹ are designed to reduce the frequency of dosing by modifying the rate of drug absorption has been available from many years. This type of release dosage² forms is far better than the conventional release dosage forms. Mucoadhesive³ are synthetic or natural polymers that will interact with the mucus layer which is present in the body at buccal cavity, and gastric mucosal layers. Antibiotics⁴ can be used for preparation of tablets. The specific approach to their use is dependent on the individuals affected and stage of the disease. Researchers⁵ are developing customized picoparticles the size of molecules that can deliver drugs directly to diseased cells in your body. Antibiotics⁶ are also used to treat this disease. Oral modified⁷ drug delivery systems can be classified in to two broad groups Single Unit dosage forms and multiple unit dosage forms. The advances⁸ and progress made by pharmaceutical industry have greatly contributed in terms of treatment of disease, thereby enhancing the quality of life.

 

MATERIALS:

Fresh leaves of Psidium guajava, petroleum ether LR, Chloroform LR, Acetone LR, Alcohol and 0.25% Chloroform Water.

 

SAMPLE COLLECTION:

Guava leaves are collected from our college premises. The guava leaves washed with warm water to remove any adherent dirt and dust. Leaves were then cut into small pieces for efficient drying and were blanched for 5 minutes to inactivate the enzymes which may cause undesirable changes latter on. The leaves were removed from blanching pan and were then treated with warm absolute ethanol for 25 minutes to remove oily substances from the peel. The Ethanol treated leaves were then dried in a tray drier at 55 ̊ C for overnight. The Dried leaves powder was then grinded to prepare fine powder which was then used for extraction.

 

EXTRACTION OF PLANT MATERIAL⁹:

The collected, cleaned and powdered leaves of Psidium guajava were used for the extraction purposes. 1 Kg of powder was evenly packed in the soxhlet apparatus. It was then extracted with various solvents from non polar to polar such as petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, and alcohol and aqueous successfully. The solvents used were purified before use. The extraction was carried out with various solvents by hot continuous extraction for 72 Hrs. After each solvent extraction the extracts were filtered while hot through whatmann filter paper to remove any impurities if present. The color and consistency of the extracts are recorded in the Table No.1.

 

IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT CONSTITUENTS BY PHYTOCHEMICAL TESTS^9-11:

The various extracts of the powdered leaves of Psidium guajava subjected to chemical tests for identification of its active constituents.

 

ISOLATION OF MUCILAGE:

It is filtered while hot and the filtrate was cooled and 3 times of acetone was added to precipitate out the mucilage. It was filtered using a nylon sieve and washed with acetone to make the mucilage free from acidic ions. Guava mucilage (PGM) thus obtained completely dried in an incubator at 37 C, powdered, weighed and stored in desiccators until use.

 

 

 

 

EVALUATION OF MUCILAGE:

(i) Shear Stress Measurement¹²:

Standard glass rectangular shapes of two pieces were used. One is fixed to the base with glue other one is placed over it. The length of the thread from pulley to pan was 12 cms. At the end of the thread a pan of weight 17g was attached into which the weights can be added.

 

Different mucilage solutions of 3% w/v strength were prepared using water as solvent. A fixed amount (one drop) of mucilage solution was kept on the centre of the first block with a pipette and then the second block was placed on the first block and pressed by applying 100g of weight such that the drop of mucilage spreads as a uniform film in between the two blocks. After keeping it for fixed time intervals of 5min, 10, 15 and 30 min, the weights were added into the pan. The weights just sufficient to pull the upper block or to make it slide down from the base block will represent the adhesion strength i.e. the shear stress required.

 

 

Fig.No.1 Shear Stress measurement apparatus

 

(ii) Tensile strength:

Tensile strength method is used to know the strength of the mucilage. The instruments usually employed are modified balances. A typical example is the method employed by Robinson and his group. In this method, the force required to separate the bioadhesive sample from freshly excised goat intestine tissue was determined using a modified tensiometer. The force was used to detach the mucilage from the tissue was then recorded.

 

(iii) Shear Strength:

The shear stress measures the force that causes the bioadhesive to slide with respect to the mucus layer in a direction parallel to their plane to contact. An example is the Wilhelmy plate method reported by Smart et al. Fresh excised goat intestine was collected and the mucus layer was separated. The collected mucus layer was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 10min. The upper and lower layers were discarded and the middle layer was pipette out. The mucus solution was prepared in the concentration of 10%v/v and then it was filled into the beaker.         The method uses a glass plate coated with mucilage which is dipped in a temperature controlled mucus sample and the force required to pull the plate out of the solution was determined.

 

(v) Swelling Index¹³:

It is measured by taking 1gm of drug into glass tube add 25ml water. Then analyze the swelling index.              

 

 

Fig.No.2 Tensile strength apparatus  

 

 

Fig.No.3 Shear Strength apparatus

 

(iv) Falling sphere method:

5gms of mustard grains were weighed and coated with 3% w/v of mucilage of Psidium guajava. The coating continued until the entire grain was covered with the mucilage. The exact spherical grains were selected and used for this study. Until that they were stored in a desiccator. Freshly excised goat intestine was collected and the mucus layer was separated. The collected mucus layer was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 10min.

 

The upper and lower layers were discarded and the middle layer was pipette out. The mucus solution was prepared in the concentration of 10%v/v and then it was filled into the burette.

 

The coated grains were placed one by one in the burette and time taken to travel the grains from 0 to 50ml was noted.

 

 

Fig.No.4 Falling sphere method apparatus

 

The cylinder was Shaken vigorously every 10 minutes for 1 hour and then allowed to stand for 3 hours. At 1.5 hours after the beginning of the test, any large volumes of liquid retained in the layer of the drug was discarded and any particles of the drug floating at the surface of the liquid by rotating the cylinder about a vertical axis. The volume occupied by the drug was measured. The text was carried out for three times and swelling index from the mean of the three tests.

 

(vi)Viscosity¹⁴:

It is measured by using Ostwald’s viscometer. It is also called capillary viscometer. The apparatus consists of a ‘u’ tube the left arm of the tube has a ‘bulging’ at its lower part and there is a marking ‘A’ above this bulb. The right arm of the tube also has a ‘bulging’ at the upper part and just below this bulb is a capillary tube. There are two markings B and C above and below the bulb of the right arm.

 

The liquid was poured into the apparatus through the left arm up to the mark A. The liquid was sucked into the right arm slightly above the point B and the left arm was closed with the thumb to keep the liquid without dropping down. The apparatus was clamped vertically and the thumb was removed so as to allow the liquid to fall through the capillary under gravity. The time taken for the liquid for the liquid level to drop down from the point B to C was noted. The room temperature was also noted.

 

The relative viscosity of the liquid with respect to water can be found out as follows.

The experiment was under taken for water as described above with the instrument. After cleaning and drying the instrument, the experiment was carried out with the liquid (3% w/v solution of mucilage of leaves of Psidium guajava whose relative viscosity was calculated by using the following formula

 

η_ι c t_ι d_ι t_ι d_ι

 

 η_w c t_w d_w t_w d_w

The viscosity of water η_w at a given temperature (may be room temperature) was found out. Then t_ι,d_ι,t_w,and d_w were determined. From these values, the relative viscosity of the liquid with respect to water can be found out.

 

STABILITY STUDIES:

The mucilage (Psidium guajava) was studied for stability profile for 60 days at different environmental conditions such as 4^oC, room temperature and 45^oC.

 

The mucilage (Psidium guajava) was placed in screw capped glass containers and stored at ambient temperatures by keeping the mucilage (Psidium guajava) in refrigerator to produce 4^oC environment, room temperature, 45ºC environment was produced by keeping the mucilage (Psidium guajava) in hot air oven.

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

The leaves were dried at room temperature for 10 days and coarsely powdered. The phytoconstituents were extracted by using different solvents of increasing polarity like petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, and alcohol and aqueous by continuous hot percolation process method. The color and consistency of various extracts of leaves of Psidium guajava is shown in Table No.1. The extractive values were given in Table No.2

 

The phytoconstituents were identified by chemical tests, which showed the presence of various phytoconstituents (presented in Table No.3) mainly in the following extracts.

 

Pet ether extract                 - Protiens, sterols

Chloroform extract            - Sterols, fats and fixed oils.

Acetone extract                  - fixed oils, proteins, sterols and Alkaloids, flavonoids, fats.

Alcohol extract                   - Sterols, Flavonoids, fats and fixed oils

Aqueous extract                 - Fats and fixed oils, Glycosides, gums and mucilages.

                             

Table No.1 The color and consistency of various extracts of leaves of Psidium guajava.

S.No	Name of extract	Color	Consistency
1	Petroleum ether	Light brown	Stiff paste
2	Chloroform	Reddish brown	Greasy paste
3	Acetone	Yellowish brown	Sticky
4	Ethanol	Brown	Stiff paste
5	Aqueous	Pale yellow	Sticky

 

Table No.2 Successive Extractive Values of the leaves of Psidium guajava.

Plant Name	Part Used	Pet ether	CHCl3	Acetone	Ethanol	Aqueous
Psidium guajava	Seed	1.28%	0.54%	1.18%	1.42%	1.98%

 

 

Table No.3 Qualitative Chemical Tests of Various Extracts of Dried Leaves of Psidium guajava

S.No	Constituents	Tests	Pet. ether Extract	CHCl3 Extract	Acetone Extract	Alcohol Extract	(Successive) Aqueous Extract
1	Alkaloids	Dragendorff ’s reagent	-	-	+	-	-
		Mayers reagent	-	-	+	-	-
		Wagner’s reagent	-	-	+	-	-
		Hager’s reagent	-	-	+	-	-
2	Amino Acids	Mellon’s test	-	-	-	-	-
		Ninhydrine test	-	-	-	-	-
3	Carbohydrates	Molisch’s test	-	-	-	-	-
		Barfoed’s test	-	-	-	-	-
		Selvanoff ’s test	-	-	-	-	-
		Test for ketones	-	-	-	-	-
		Osazone formation test	-	-	-	-	-
4	Fats And Fixed Oils	(1%) CUSO4 + (10%) NaOH	-	+	+	+	+
5	Flavonoids	Alkaline reagent test	-	-	+	+	-
6	Glycosides	1.ANTHRA QUINONE GLYCOSIDES
		Borntrager’s test	-	-	-	-	-
		Modified orntrager’s test	-	-	-	-	+
		2.CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES
		Baljet test	-	-	-	-	-
		3.SAPONIN GLYCOSIDES
		Froth formation test	-	-	-	-	-
7	Tannins	Fecl3 test	-	-	-	-	-
8	Proteins	Heat test	+	-	-	-	-
		Hydrolysis test	+	+	+	+	-
		Xantho proteic test	+	-	+	-	+
9	Steroids And Triterpenoids	Libermann-burchard test	+	+	-	+	+
		Salkowski test	+	+	+	+	+
10	Gums and mucilages	10ml test sol +25 ml abs. Alcohol	-	-	-	-	+

 

Table No.4 Mucilage contents of the leaves of Psidium guajava

Plant Name	Part used	% yield
Psidium guajava	Seed	32%

 

Several methods of measuring muco-adhesive strength have been reported in the literature. Most in vitro methods are based on the measurement of either shear or tensile stress¹⁵. One technique reported by Smart et al¹⁶. Uses a Wilhelmy plate method. But all these methods are quite cumbersome, requiring the use of tensiometer or microforce balance. The method devised in our course of work was simple, sensitive and reproducible.

 

The results of shear stress measurement in which weights require to break the adhesion, recorded for various mucilages (3%, 6%, 9%) with different contact times were shown in Table Nos. (5, 6, 7). The experiments were performed thrice and average values were taken. From the Table No’s (5,6,7) it can be seen that increasing the contact time for adhesion increased the force required to slide in terms of weights increase of all the mucilages i.e. increasing the time of contact increases the adhesion strength, allowing for greater adhesion. Adhesion was reported to be effected by hydration¹⁷. Probably increasing contact time might be reducing hydration due to evaporation facilitating higher adhesion. In the present work all the mucilages tested PVP, HPMC, Carbopol-940 and Na-alginate was used in the same strength i.e. as 3% solution. This result was in agreement with the earlier report¹⁸.

 

From the results it can be seen that mucilage having high molecular weight and high viscosity exhibited higher adhesion, sodium alginate exhibited lowest adhesion and increasing contact time had little effect on this. Slightly higher adhesion was observed with HPMC, PVP and Carbopol 940.

 

 

 

Table No. 5 Shear stress measurement values of different mucilages

S.No	Mucilages (3%)	Contact Time (Min)	Wt.Required (gms)			Average	S.D
			Trial 1	Trial 2	Trial 3
1	Sodium Alginate	5	10	11	10	11	1.24
		10	14	14	15	14.67	0.54
		15	24	26	25	25	1
		20	30	31	33	31.33	1.45
		30	36	38	34	36	2.04
2	Carbopol 940	5	15	16	14	15.04	0.52
		10	28.5	30.5	34	31.61	2.22
		15	78	71	73	74.61	3.55
		20	87	92	91.5	90.83	2.67
		30	130	142	161	151	11.54
3	HPMC- E5LV (Premium)	5	75	71	73	73	1.52
		10	101	95	81	85.67	4.03
		15	128	142	131	131.67	6.1
		20	150	165	161	151.67	7.17
		30	220	229	234	227.67	7.2
4	PVP-K 30	5	30	35	27	31.33	4.51
		10	75	71	73	73	2
		15	96.5	110	100	102.16	7.0
		20	139	147	150	145.33	5.69
		30	185	200	192	192.33	7.51
5	Mucilage Of Psidium guajava	5	66	65	65	65.34	2.89
		10	95	98	95	96	5.0
		15	125	120	125	123.34	2.89
		20	150	155	150	151.67	5.0
		30	190	190	195	191.67	5.0

 

 

 

In case of Carbopol-40^{19, 20} the adhesion was feeble with low contact time but improved considerably with high contact times. Best adhesion was obtained with HPMC having high molecular weight, number of polar groups and high viscosity were expected to have high adhesion. Chain length and the presence of ionisable groups in the molecule were found to be the determinate factors. The physical nature of the gel, and the location at which the mucilage material hydrated, were of less importance¹⁸.

 

 

 

 

Table No. 6 Shear Stress Measurement Values of Different Mucilages

S.NO	Mucilages (6%)	Contact time (Min)	Wt.required (gms)			Average	S.D
			Trial 1	Trial 2	Trial 3
1	Sodium alginate	5	15	15	19	16	1.50
		10	27	26	22	23.67	1.53
		15	35	32	34	32.33	2.01
		20	39	40	32	35.33	1.53
		30	45	49	45	42	3.00
2	Carbopol 940	5	35	30	28.5	24.16	3.40
		10	79	75	70	54.67	2.51
		15	102	101	100	101	1.00
		20	155	150	154	153	2.65
		30	192	219	205	205.33	13.50
3	HPMC- E5 LV (Premium)	5	95	96	87	92.67	4.93
		10	132	136	142	136.67	5.03
		15	165	159	163	162.33	3.05
		20	210	225	215	216.67	7.64
		30	335	342	344	340.33	4.73
4	P.V.P.K 30	5	57.5	55	60	57.5	2.50
		10	97	102	110	103	6.56
		15	146	157	153	152	5.56
		20	195	191	184	190	5.57
		30	235	253	262	250	13.75
5	Mucilage of Psidium guajava	5	50	55	50	51.67	2.89
		10	90	95	95	93.33	2.89
		15	140	130	135	135	5
		20	180	180	182	180.67	1.15
		30	220	225	220	221.67	2.89

 

Table No. 7Shear Stress Measurement Values of Different Mucilages

S. NO	Mucilages (9%)	Contact time(Min)	Wt.required (gms)			Average	S.D
			Trial 1	Trial 2	Trial 3
1	Sodium alginate	5	29	32	36	32.33	3.52
		10	63	54	59	58.67	4.51
		15	82	77	85	81.33	4.04
		20	97	108	103	102.67	5.51
		30	135	126	131	130.67	4.51
2	Carbopol 940	5	78	73	82	77.67	4.51
		10	135	127	132	131.33	4.04
		15	201	206	195	200.67	5.51
		20	259	255	262	258.67	3.51
		30	342	325	337	324.33	7.74
3	HPMC- E5 LV (Premium)	5	119	107	114	113.33	6.03
		10	167	159	173	143.33	502
		15	253	265	254	258.67	4.03
		20	345	339	352	345.33	6.51
		30	473	456	465	465.67	8.74
4	P.V.P.K 30	5	94	86	98	92.67	6.11
		10	133	124	127	128	4.58
		15	186	178	189	184.33	5.69
		20	235	238	233	235.33	2.52
		30	316	311	315	314	2.65
5	Mucilage of Psidium guajava	5	80	75	73	76	3.61
		10	150	145	140	145	5
		15	190	185	180	185	5
		20	250	255	250	251.67	2.89
		30	280	295	285	286.67	7.64

 

molecular weight, number of polar groups and high viscosity were expected to have high adhesion. Chain length and the presence of ionisable groups in the molecule, were found to be the determinate factors. The physical nature of the gel, and the location at which the mucilage material hydrated, were of less importance.

 

These mucilages also posses’ hydroxyl-OH and carboxyl-COOH groups required for bioadhesion.

 

Thus the readings were in agreement with the general principles and earlier reports. In case of Carbopol-940 the mucilage had not developed adequate viscosity and exhibited little adhesion in the concentration range in which trials were conducted.

 

The tensile strength was determined by the method followed by Robinson and his group²¹. In this method the force required to separate the bioadhesive sample from freshly excised goat intestine was determined. The results were given in the Table No.8. In this carbopol was produced maximum adhesion in the goat intestine.

The shear stress measures the force that causes the bioadhesive to slide with respect to the mucus layer in a direction parallel to their plane to contact. An example is the Wilhelmy plate method reported by Smart et al. The results were shown in Table No. 9.

 

The falling sphere method was developed by Teng and Ho²², with slight modification. The results were shown in the Table No. 10

 

Table No. 8Tensile strength of different mucilages

S.No	Mucilages (3%)	Wt.required (gms)			Average	S.D
		Trial 1	Trial 2	Trial 3
1	Sodium Alginate	17	16	16	14.13	0.52
2.	Carbopol 940	21	20	23	22.67	0.65
3.	HPMC- E5LV (Premium)	20	18	15	16.67	1.02
4.	PVP-K 30	15	17	11	12.33	1.13
5.	Mucilage of Psidium guajava	23	26	24	25.33	2.1

 

Table No. 9 Shear strength measurement of different mucilages

S.No	Mucilages (3%)	Time taken (Sec)			Average	S.D
		Trial 1	Trial 2	Trial 3
1	Sodium Alginate	17	18	13	14.67	1.23
2.	Carbopol 940	25	27	29	27.0	1.1
3.	HPMC- E5LV (Premium)	13	13	11	12.33	1.15
4.	PVP-K 30	13	12	12	12.33	0.58
5.	Mucilage of Psidium guajava	23	26	29	28.67	1.54

 

Table No. 10 Falling Sphere Measurement of Different Mucilages

S.No	Mucilages (3%)	Wt.Required (gms)			Average	S.D
		Trial 1	Trial 2	Trial 3
1	Sodium Alginate	19	17	17	17.67	1.15
2.	Carbopol 940	25	23	22	23.33	1.73
3.	HPMC- E5LV (Premium)	21	21	22	21.33	0.58
4.	PVP-K 30	16	18	15	16.33	1.53
5.	Mucilage of Psidium guajava	25	30	32	27.33	1.93

 

As the swelling behaviour of mucilage mucilages has a great influence on their adhesive properties, water-uptake studies were carried out with mucilage of Psidium guajava. The swelling factor of the mucilage of Psidium guajava was found to be 2.9. The results were shown in Table No.12. According to the theory, those rapidly swelling mucilages will also quickly interact with the mucin, a good swelling behaviour should contribute to mucoadhesion²³ (Fig.No.2). A correlation between the swelling behaviour of investigated mucilage and their adhesive properties, however, could not be found. Previous studies demonstrated that the swelling behaviour of thiolated polycarbophil depends also on the amount of covalently bound cysteine. The more of the sulfhydryl compound was bound to the mucilage, the higher was the swelling behaviour of the conjugate.

 

Fig.No.2 Schematic presentation of effects influencing mucoadhesion.

 

Table No. 11: Swelling factor of the mucilage of Psidium guajava

Plant name	Part used	Wt. Taken	Volume occupied		Swelling factor
			Initial	After 4 hrs
Psidium guajava	Leaves	1 gm	0.6 ml	4.6 ml	3.8

 

Table No. 12 Viscosity

S. NO	Solution used	Time.Required (min)			Average	RelativeViscosity values
		Trial 1	Trial 2	Trial 3
1	Water	1.20	1.15	1.15	1.16	1.125
2	(1%w/v) Psidium guajava	2.05	2.07	2.04	2.05	1.728

 

 

Table No.12 Viscosity

S. NO	Solution used	Time.Required (min)			Average	RelativeViscosity values
		Trial 1	Trial 2	Trial 3
1	Water	1.20	1.15	1.15	1.16	1.125
2	(1%w/v) Annona squamosa Linn	2.28	2.29	2.27	14.67	1.425

 

STABILITY STUDIES:

The mucilage (Psidium guajava ) was kept in a small airtight glass containers and stored at different temperatures of 4+1^oC in a refrigerator and room temperature in open place,45^oC in the hot air oven ,effect on their adhesive property was studied upto 60 days.

 

Table No.13 shows the stability of the mucilage (Psidium guajava) at different temperatures like 4^oC,room temperature, 45^oC.there was no significant change in the mucilage (Psidium guajava ) when it was stored at 4^oC.the stability was little bit affected when stored at room temperature and 45^oC.

Table No.13 (For Stability Studies) Shear Stress Measurement (Avg. Values) of Mucilage of (Psidium guajava)

S.NO	Temperature	Wt.required (gms)
		Contact time (min)	Zero week	After one week	After two weeks	After three weeks	After four weeks	After five weeks	After six weeks	After seven weeks	After eight weeks
1	40C	5	44.67	41.33	39.67	37.33	35.67	32.33	28.67	25.67	21.33
		10	68.33	65.67	64.33	62.67	60.33	59.67	58.00	56.67	5133
		15	99.67	97.00	96.33	94.67	92.00	90.67	89.33	86.00	84.67
		20	129.00	126.33	125.00	123.67	120.67	119.33	117.67	114.67	110.33
		30	182.67	179.33	177.67	175.33	174.00	171.33	169.67	166.33	161.67
2	Room temperature	5	42.33	40.67	38.33	36.67	34.33	31.67	27.33	24.67	21.33
		10	65.67	63.33	63.67	61.33	59.00	58.33	57.33	55.00	55.33
		15	94.00	92.67	94.33	92.67	89.67	86.67	84.33	82.67	82.33
		20	125.67	123.00	123.33	121.67	119.67	115.67	114.33	112.67	109.33
		30	178.33	176.67	174.67	172.33	170.67	169.33	165.67	164.67	163.33
3	450C	5	40.00	38.67	36.33	33.67	30.67	29.33	26.33	22.67	21.33
		10	62.33	60.00	59.67	58.67	57.67	56.33	54.67	52.33	51.67
		15	91.67	89.67	87.67	85.33	83.67	80.67	78.67	75.33	73.67
		20	123.33	121.67	118.67	116.33	113.67	111.33	109.67	107.33	102.67
		30	176.67	174.33	171.67	168.67	165.33	162.33	158.67	156.33	152.67

 

 

 

CONCLUSION:

The present work was mainly focused on to the isolation of mucilage to be used as a mucilage property by using the plant Psidium guajava. This work is characterized by standard measurements to prove as a mucilage property. The results of the present investigation revealed that the prepared mucilage characterized as mucilage as compared with the available mucilages. It shows best results in evaluation by shear stress, tensile strength, shear strength, falling sphere, swelling factor, viscosity, stability studies.

 

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Received on 16.05.2018        Modified on 18.06.2018

Accepted on 22.07.2018       ©A&V Publications All right reserved